Rubber bearing is a kind of common rubber bearing products is composed of multilayer thin steel plate and rubber vulcanization bonding multilayer sheet, this product has enough vertical stiffness, can force reliable transfer to the pier upper bearing structure, bearing has good flexibility, rotating beam end in response to the bridge; and great the shear deformation ability, to meet the horizontal displacement of superstructure.
桥梁工程中梁式桥桥跨的两端均需设置支座。支座主要作用是把桥跨结构上的全部荷载（包括恒载和活载）可靠地传递到桥墩台上去，并同时能承受桥跨结构由于荷载作用所发生的如端部水平变位、转角等各种变形。
Both ends of beam bridge in bridge engineering are required to set the bearing. The main function is to support the bridge all the load on the structure (including dead load and live load) and reliably transfer to the pier table, and also can withstand the bridge structure due to the occurrence of load such as the end of the horizontal displacement and rotation deformation.
20多年的实际生产使用经验及各研究设计院所对支座性能测试考核表明，桥梁橡胶支座与其它刚性支座相比，不仅工作性能可靠，而且构造成简单，材料来源充足，加工制造容易，造价低，用钢量少，建筑高度小，安装使用方便，使用寿命长，可减轻日常养护工作，并具有吸收部分振坳，减少活载对桥梁结构及墩台的冲击作用等许多显著优点。由于橡胶支座的适用范围广，能适应宽桥、曲线桥和斜交桥的上部结构在各个方面的变形，故橡胶支座目前不仅在中小跨径公路、城市桥梁及铁路桥梁上得到广泛应用，而且也在大跨径的桥梁上大量使用。
The actual production and use of more than 20 years of experience and Research Design Institute on bearing performance test showed that the bridge rubber bearings compared with other rigid support, not only reliable performance, and simple structure, abundant raw materials, easy manufacture, low cost, less steel consumption, low building height, convenient installation and use long life, can reduce the daily maintenance work, and has absorbed some vibration depression, reduce the live load impact on the bridge and pier and many other advantages. Because of the scope of application of rubber bearings, can adapt to the deformation of the upper structure of wide bridge, curved bridge and skew bridge in each aspect, the rubber bearing is not only in small and medium span highway bridge and railway bridge, the city has been widely used, but also in the extensive use of the long-span bridge.
目前在桥梁工程上广泛采用的橡胶支座有普通板式橡胶支座、四氟板式橡胶支座、盆式橡胶支座三种类型。橡胶材料一般在常温地区（-20℃以上）可采用硬度为55-60氯丁橡胶，低温严寒地区可试用硬度稍低的天然橡胶或三元乙丙橡胶。
At present, there are three types of rubber bearings widely used in bridge engineering, such as ordinary plate rubber bearing, PTFE plate rubber bearing and basin rubber bearing. Rubber materials are generally used in the normal temperature region (-20 or above), and the hardness is 55-60 chloroprene rubber. In low temperature and severe cold area, the natural rubber with lower hardness or three yuan ethylene propylene rubber can be used.
我国幅员广阔，地理环境条件相差很大，因此可根据具体情况来选择橡胶材料。桥梁支座用的橡胶材料应满足下列要求：
China has a vast territory and a large geographical environment. Therefore, rubber materials can be chosen according to the specific conditions. The rubber materials used for bridge bearings shall meet the following requirements:
1.应具有较高的抗压强度；
1. should have higher compressive strength;
2.有良好的弹性且无很大的蠕变；
2. has good elasticity and no large creep;
3.热天不会变软，强度无显著下降，冬天不会变脆，仍能保持所需的弹性；
3. hot days will not be soft, no significant decline in strength, winter will not be crisp, still can maintain the required elasticity;
4.耐老化性能良好；
4. good aging resistance;
5.胶料工艺性能良好；
5. rubber material process performance is good;
6.成本不宜过高。
6. cost should not be too high.
当前用作桥梁支座的橡胶材料主要为氯丁橡胶和天然橡胶，也有采有用三元乙丙橡胶、丁基橡胶和氯化丁基橡胶的
At present, the rubber materials used as bridge bearings are mainly chloroprene rubber and natural rubber, and three yuan ethylene propylene rubber, butyl rubber and chlorinated butyl rubber are also used